Who Was Georg Simmel to Sociology

Georg Simmel was an early German sociologist and structural theorist who focused on urban life and the form of the metropolis. He was known for creating social theories that fostered an approach to the study of society that broke with the then-accepted scientific methodology used to examine the natural world. Simmel is widely taught alongside his contemporary Max Weber, as well as Marx and Durkheim, in courses on classical social theory. Simmels Early History and Education Simmel was born on March 1, 1858, in Berlin (which, at the time, was the Kingdom of Prussia, prior to the creation of the German state). Though he was born into a large family and his father died when Simmel was relatively young, he received a comfortable inheritance that allowed him to pursue a life of scholarship. Simmel studied philosophy and history at the University of Berlin. (Sociology as a discipline was beginning to take shape, but was not yet fully developed.) He received his Ph.D. in 1881 based on a study of Immanuel Kants theories of philosophy. Following his degree, Simmel taught philosophy, psychology, and early sociology courses at his alma mater. Career Highlights and Obstacles Over the course of the next 15 years, Simmel lectured and worked as a public sociologist, authoring numerous articles on his topics of study for newspapers and magazines. His writing became popular, making him well-known and respected across Europe and in the United States. Ironically, Simmels groundbreaking body of work was shunned by conservative members of the academy, who refused to recognize his achievements with formal academic appointments. Exacerbating Simmels frustrations were the chilling effects of the rising anti-Semitism he faced as a Jew.   Refusing to knuckle under, Simmel, redoubled his commitment to advancing sociological thinking and his burgeoning discipline. In 1909, along with Ferdinand Tonnies and Max Weber, he co-founded the German Society for Sociology. Death and Legacy Simmel wrote prolifically throughout his career, penning more than 200 articles for various outlets, both scholarly and non-academic, as well as 15 very highly regarded books.  He passed away in 1918, after succumbing to a battle with liver cancer. Simmels work laid the foundation for the development of structuralist approaches to studying society, and to the development of the discipline of sociology in general. His works proved especially inspiring to those who pioneered the field of urban sociology in the United States, including the Chicago School of Sociologys Robert Park. Simmels legacy in Europe includes shaping the intellectual development and writing of social theorists Gyà ¶rgy Lukà ¡cs, Ernst Bloch, and Karl Mannheim, among others. Simmels approach to studying mass culture also served as a theoretical foundation for members of The Frankfort School. Major Publications On Social Differentiation (1890)The Problems of the Philosophy of History (1892)Introduction to the Science of Ethics (1892-1893)The Philosophy of Money (1900)Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation (1908) Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

A Lot Of The Children Interviewed Within The First Chapter

A lot of the children interviewed within the first chapter of Peter W. Singer’s book Children at War are under the age of 12. They speak of torturing people in the most horrific of ways. Such as when joining the paramilitaries, A., age twelve, states that the first thing they make you do is kill someone. A random person is picked for the recruits to chop off his hands and arms. It is important to realize however, that not all of these child soldiers are as young as 7. Singer explains that a â€Å"A ‘child soldier’ is generally defined (under both international law and common practice) as any person under eighteen years of age who is engaged in deadly combat or combat support as part of an armed force or group.† What is most horrendous is†¦show more content†¦By the end of the Civil War Cook was involved in more than twenty battles. The example of John Cook is far different than the young boys involved in today’s wars. Such as in Sierra L eone, the young boys that are soldiers were forced into fighting with rebel groups to cause terror. Much different from Cook, he was involved because he wanted to and he took actions into his own hands because of his bravery and patriotism. It is easy to see that child soldiers have been involved all around the world for centuries. Singer states â€Å"by the twenty-first century child soldiers had served in significant numbers on ever continent of the globe but Antarctica.† From 1998 to 2001 the countries that were active combatants were Mexico, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Yugoslavia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Macedonia, Algeria, Chad, Republic of Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, East Timor, Philippians, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and lastly the Russian Federation. Noticeably a lot of these listed countries are African. Singer writes, â€Å"Africa is often considered to be at the epicenterShow MoreRelatedReview of Code of the Street: Decency, Viole nce, and the Moral Life of the Inner City1533 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to act to survive. 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The Issue of Keeping Animals in Captivity Free Essays

The issue of keeping animals in captivity has been brought into focus recently. Some people claimed animals have the right to choose to live in their natural habitats, but others think some animals do better in the zoos. Overall, it is important to look as both sides of the argument. We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue of Keeping Animals in Captivity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Supporters of zoos would argue that there are many advantages to keeping animals in captivity. One of the most important of these is that there are some endangered species are protected in the zoos. Like Giant Panda, Brown Bear and Siberian Tiger and so on. Moreover, zoos give us a close encounter with wild animals. In addition to this, zoos make an easy life for animals. For example, they don’t need to run about hunting for a meal, there are no real predators in the zoos and they don’t have to worry about finding partner. On the other hand, those who oppose zoos would argue that some large animals need plenty of space to wander around in. Such as lions and polar bears, they are also endangered species but they usually breed unsuccessfully in the zoos which because of stress. Furthermore, people visit zoos for entertainment not for education. Besides, animals lose natural instincts in the zoos. If we put them to the wildlife again, they can’t survive well independently. That is a kind of tragedy is made by human. On balance, I feel that zoos are not suitable for all animals, it’s really depends on what species they are, what behaviour they have and where is better for them to live. However, the zoos need to do more researches for understand animals better and improve the living environment of them constantly. How to cite The Issue of Keeping Animals in Captivity, Essay examples

Phillip Korkis Essay Example For Students

Phillip Korkis Essay Professor Boggs Comp. Lit. March 9, 2004Emotion Under the Hard ShellWhether or not God exists is a thought that millions of people pondereach day. Is there an after life? What happens when I die? In the end ofthe Stranger, Meursault meets a chaplain in his jail cell. The chaplaintries to get Meursault to believe in God and develop some sort of faithbefore he dies. However, Meursault wont listen to him and thinks hisbeliefs arent worth crap, He seemed so certain about everything, didnthe? And yet none of his certainties was worth one hair of a womans head(120). Meursault does not believe in God at all, and thats the reason forhis anger and frustration with the chaplain. He only has a few days beforehe dies, and the last thing he wants to listen to a priest preach to himabout believing in God and developing faith. As Meursault speaks to the chaplain, he is angry because the chaplainmakes him feel as if he is at loss for something; as if his life inincomplete because he doesnt believe in God, as if I was the one whodcome up emptyhanded (120). Meursault cant stand listening to thechaplain talk to him about this because he believes that he is hardly theone at loss. Meursault is certain about his life, about the decisions hesmade, and about his inevitable death. Regardless of the fact that what hislife is made of is somewhat feeble, he still knows exactly what his lifeis, Yes, that was all I had. But at least I had as much of a hold on itas it had on me (120-121). What has happened in Meursaults life isdefinite and he has no doubts about his life. However, all the certaintiesand beliefs that the chaplain claims he has are intangible. These areblind beliefs that no one can prove are true, and as a result these beliefsare worthless in Meursaults eyes. He cannot believe in something he cantsee becaus e that will drive him nuts. He doesnt have the heart or mindsetto have faith in God. I believe that Meursault uses the comparison to asingle hair on a womans head because he is saying that he wouldnt tradea single moment with Marie for all the faith in the world. He thinks faithis a lame concept because it is something that doesnt even exist in thereal world. As the chaplain continues to speak to Meursault, attempting to helphim, he gets shut down. Meursault is stubborn and rejects every word outof the chaplains mouth. The chaplain tries to convince Meursault thathuman justice does not matter and that divine justice is was what reallymatters. Meursault once again denies the chaplain by telling him that hedoes not know what divine justice is. Divine justice is nothing but afigment of the chaplains imagination to Meursault. All of the chaplainsattempts are futile as Meursault refuses to believe that anything willhappen to him after he dies. Why does Meursault refuse to believe thatthere in an afterlife or a God? I believe that in Meursaults mind, hecannot see God or some sort of higher being, therefore one must not exist. The fact of believing in something that you cannot see, hear, or touch is ascary concept. People have trouble everyday believing in a higher beingbecause there is no physical evidence that one exists. You never see God,you never hear God, and you never touch God in your lifetime on Earth. .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d , .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .postImageUrl , .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d , .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d:hover , .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d:visited , .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d:active { border:0!important; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d:active , .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uedefd384ea1393170b6de1d12ad2345d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why Did The Textile Workers Union In The Southern EssayMeursault is afraid of believing in God because he cannot see him. Although portrayed to be somewhat of a tough man, I really think thatMeursault is scared. He is scared of commitment, scared of emotion, andscared of faith. Faith is a scary concept because you can never prove it,and with a character like Meursault, faith is probably frightening. Thatsthe reason that Meursault suddenly starts yelling at the chaplain in hisjail cell:Then, I dont know why, but something inside me snapped. I startedyelling at the top of my lungs, and I insulted him and told him not towaste his prayers on me. I grabbed him by the collar of his cassock. I was pouring out on him everything that was in my heart, cries ofanger and cries of joy (120). Meursault hates the fact that the chaplain is so certain of all his beliefsbecause he knows that doesnt have the capability to do the same. He findscertainty in what he has done and what has happened in his life andbelieving in God would lead to uncertainty and confusion for Meursault, anduncertainty is something Meursault cannot handle. I think that Meursault is truly a weak character under that hard shellhe portrays himself to have. He cannot commit to Marie because he does notfeel true love and it may even scare him. In addition, Meursault canteven cry at his own mothers funeral. He acts as if her death meansnothing to him, which I dont believe is true at all. I dont think thatMeursault is this emotionless character that he shows himself to be. Heonce had feelings and morals, but he has numbed them because he canthandle all the pain and anguish that comes with life.I know thatMeursault is just like every other character with emotions and feelings inthe book because in the end of The Stranger I see his true character comeout, for the first time, in that night alive with signs and stars, Iopened myself to the gentle indifference of the world (122). Meursaultopens up and that numbed emotionless heart of his is revealed. Meursaultis finally able to feel pain, happiness and every other emotion that heused to see every day through his neighbors in his apartment building.